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Floating
Ball
Floating Ball is a 2nd generation exhibit. The original
was done by the Exploratorium in San Francisco. The
exhibit is about feedback. A small metal globe floats
in the air. It is held up by an electromagnet. It
is exactly balanced by the feedback look between the
electromagnet and an optical sensor. As the globe
drops slightly, more light is picked up by the sensor
which in turn causes the electromagnet to increase
its force which brings the ball up again. This feedback
is happening very quickly so the globe appears very
stable. The first generation exhibit was a great starting
point, one of our favourite exhibits. The Mystus version
has made several enhancements. First, the new circuitry
and sensors have allowed us to use an electromagnet
that dissipates a minimal amount of heat. The coil
can easily be held by hand without any safety risk;
there is actually no feeling of heat. We do, however,
cover the coil to prevent inadvertent damage. In the
original exhibit it was a little difficult to grasp
the meaning of the exhibit - feedback. In our enhanced
version we have added some features to give the visitor
further insight into the nature of feedback. Even
though the globe appears stable, there are actually
very small fluctuations in its position due to wind
currents, floor vibration etc. These variations are
in the range of 40-100 Hz. We hooked up a speaker
so you can hear them. We also allow the visitor to
alter the gain in the circuit to discover the upper
and lower boundaries. In approaching these boundaries
the increasing instability can be seen, and heard.
We also allow the visitor to introduce delay into
the feedback loop and see/hear the resulting instability.
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